Atharva-veda means 'the Veda of the Atharvan' or 'the Knowledge of Magic Formulas'. The great importance of the Atharva-veda Samhita lies in the fact that it is an invaluable source of knowledge of popular belief as yet uninfluenced by ancient Indian priestly religion, of the faith in numberless spirits, imps, ghosts and demons of every kind and of the witchcraft, so eminently important to ethnology and for the history of religion. This work includes in the first place, critical notes upon the text, giving the various readings of the manuscripts, second the readings of Paippalada of Kashmere version, furnished by the late Professor Roth furhter, notice of the corresponding passages in all the other Vedic texts, with report of the various readings the data of the Hindu scholiast respecting authorship, divinity and metre of each verse also references to the anciallary literature, especially to the well-edited Kausika and Vaitana Sutras with account of the ritualistic use therein made of the hymns or parts of hymns, so far as this appears to cast any light upon their meaning also, extracts from the printed commentary and finally, a simple literal translation with introduction and indices.